Kev thov rau GlaxoSmithKline's RTS, S / AS01 tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhawm rau txo qis cov neeg mob malaria thiab kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam yaus, xav tias yuav nce ntxiv hauv Africa vim ntau lub tebchaws koom ua ke nws siv rau hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws.
2021 Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau pom zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malaria, cov khoom lag luam ntawm ntau tshaj 30 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb coj los ntawm GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), nrog PATH thiab lwm tus neeg koom tes, tau raug tsim los ua ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Cameroon, sab nraum lub Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malaria tsis tu ncua hauv Kenya, Ghana thiab Malawi. (1)
Kev tshaj tawm pej xeem thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2024 ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mosquirix hauv West African lub teb chaws yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb tsom rau plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). RTS malaria-hepatitis B fusion protein thaum sib koom nrog S antigen ib leeg hauv cov poov xab, tsim cov kab mob RTS, S zoo li cov kab mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv RTS, S tau hloov kho nrog AS01, uas muaj liposomes ntxiv rau MPL ntxiv rau QS21, nrog GSK hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm lub tuam txhab tom ntej nthwv dej ntawm adjuvant thev naus laus zis nrog lub peev xwm los qhib "kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv. muaj zog txaus tiv thaiv kab mob. " (2)
"Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho cuab yeej ntxiv rau kev tswj hwm tus kabmob malaria thiab tau raug xaiv los ntawm lub tebchaws raws li nws qhov kev tsim nyog ua ntej, ua kom muaj kev lees paub zoo, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb rau kev koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm txhaj tshuaj," said Cameroonian tus kws kho mob Shalom Ndoula. (3)
Ndoula, uas tseem yog lub teb chaws tus tuav ntaub ntawv ruaj khov ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Cameroon tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv "yuav tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus menyuam yaus hnub nyoog rau lub hlis txij li 31 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2023."
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog xa tawm raws li kev txhaj tshuaj lyophilized txhaj tshuaj intramuscularly nrog thawj koob tshuaj thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsib lub hlis. WHO cov lus qhia qhia thawj peb koob tshuaj txhua lub hlis nrog rau qhov thib peb xav kom ua tiav thaum tus menyuam muaj cuaj lub hlis.
Tsawg kawg yog 331,200 koob tshuaj RTS, S tshuaj tiv thaiv tau los ntawm Cameroon thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2023 raws li tsoomfwv tau npaj qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv ob lub chaw noj qab haus huv pej xeem thiab ntiag tug thoob plaws lub tebchaws 42 cheeb tsam.
Cameroon, uas tau tshaj tawm tsawg kawg 3 lab tus neeg mob malaria thiab 3800 tus neeg tuag los ntawm tus kabmob xyoo 2021, tau muab kev tshem tawm ntawm tus kabmob malaria tseem ceeb hauv tsoomfwv Txoj Haujlwm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws, vim tias lub tebchaws siv zog tawm ntawm cov npe ntawm 11 lub tebchaws raug mob hnyav tshaj plaws. malaria hauv Africa.
Yam tsawg kawg ntawm 27 lwm lub tebchaws African xav tias yuav tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm RTS, S tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshuaj.
Yav dhau los, GSK tau tshaj tawm kev pom zoo los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov phiaj xwm pub nyiaj ntau txog 10 lab RTS, S koob tshuaj rau kev siv hauv Kenya, Ghana thiab Malawi pilot program thiab ntxiv 15 lab koob tshuaj txhua xyoo. (4)
Ua ntej Cameroon tshaj tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mosquirix, ntau qhov kev npaj ua haujlwm tau ua nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm WHO, Gavi, Vaccine Alliance, United Nations Children's Fund, Africa Center for Disease Control & Prevention nrog rau Clinton Health Access Initiative.
Piv txwv li, cov koom haum no, koom tes nrog tsoomfwv Cameroon tau txhawb nqa kev saws me nyuam, los ntawm West Africa lub teb chaws, txoj cai txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab cov lus qhia nrog rau kev sib xyaw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab rau hauv lub sijhawm xa khoom ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Lawv kuj tau txhawb nqa kev tsim kho cov phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm, kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob thiab kev nqis peev tshiab thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem, tsim cov peev txheej thiab cov chaw khaws tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog rau "tsim kom muaj kev saib xyuas, saib xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo. kev xa khoom."
Kev tsav tsheb kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm malaria, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv Africa, xav tias yuav qhib ntau txoj hauv kev tshiab rau pej xeem thiab ntiag tug peev hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malaria thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Piv txwv li, thaum ntxov 2023, Ghana's Food and Drug Authority (FDA), tau tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malaria R21, uas tau tsim los ntawm UK's Oxford University thiab tsim los ntawm Serum Institute of India PVT Ltd rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus ntawm tsib lub hlis thiab peb xyoos. (5)
Lub koom haum WHO tau pom zoo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv R21 / Matrix-M nyob rau lub quarter kawg ntawm 2023, raws li kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malaria thib ob, nrog rau UN lub koom haum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau hais tias "kev thov rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob malaria tsis tau muaj dua" thiab muaj RTS, S raug txwv vim li no ntxiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv R21 "yuav tsum ua kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txaus kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus menyuam yaus nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kab mob malaria yog qhov txaus ntshai rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv." (6)