Physicochemical zog ntawm bilirubin

Bilirubin yog cov kua tsib xim ntawm dimethonol. Nws yog xim liab-xim av chromatophore, insoluble hauv dej, nyuaj rau yaj hauv cawv thiab ether, thiab yooj yim soluble hauv alkali. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nqus yog 432 nanometers (hauv alkali) thiab 540 nanometers. (hauv chloroform). Nws muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov kua tsib ntawm tib neeg thiab carnivores. Cov ntshav bilirubin, nyob rau hauv liab-liab ntshav Hijman van den Bergh cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim thaum diazo reagent ntxiv, muaj ob hom: ib qho yog hom ncaj qha uas zoo yam tsis ntxiv cawv, thiab lwm yam yog hom ncaj qha uas zoo tom qab ntxiv. cawv. Indirect hom kev loj hlob xim. Thawj hom yog mono- lossis diglucuronic acid (ester), thiab hom thib ob yog hom dawb, uas yog ib txwm metabolite ntawm hemoglobin. Nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm biliverdin. Yog tias nws txo qis ntxiv, nws yuav dhau los ua ethyl los ntawm vinyl. Hauv mesobilirubin C30H40O6N, pawg methine yog tag nrho cov saturated nrog hydrogen, tsim mesobilirubin (urobilinogen).
Bilirubin yog cov xim uas tsim los ntawm hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Cov qe ntshav liab muaj lub neej ruaj khov (qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov qe ntshav liab ib txwm muaj li 120 hnub) thiab raug rhuav tshem txhua hnub. Lub sijhawm no, hemoglobin yuav decompose rau hauv haem thiab heme. Heme generates biliverdin, trivalent Fe ions thiab CO nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm NADPH thiab H ions, thiab biliverdin generates bilirubin nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm NADPH thiab H ions. Tom qab ntawd Heme hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg protein.
Vim tias bilirubin yog tshuaj lom, bilirubin tsim ib qho bilirubin-albumin complex thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Lub bilirubin-albumin complex cais ua bilirubin thiab albumin ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv daim siab, piv txwv li indirect bilirubin. Tom qab nkag mus rau lub siab, bilirubin yuav ua ke nrog Y protein thiab Z protein nyob rau hauv lub siab los tsim bilirubin-Y protein thiab bilirubin-Z protein. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog thim rov qab. Bilirubin-Y protein thiab bilirubin-Z protein tsim glucuronide bilirubin, uas yog, conjugated bilirubin, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm UDP-glucuronide converting enzyme. Conjugated bilirubin nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv me nrog cov kua tsib, qhov uas nws tau stripped ntawm glucuronic acid los tsim bilirubin dua. Bilirubin generates bilirubinogen, uas yog ntxiv oxidized rau daj-xim av bile, uas yog lub ntsiab xim ntawm quav. . Cov cholinogen nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub siab dua los ntawm cov kab mob enterohepatic, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov cholinogen tseem tawm mus rau hauv cov hnyuv hauv nws daim ntawv qub. Qhov no hu ua fecal bilinogen. Ib feem me me ntawm cholinogen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thiab tawm hauv cov zis. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov xim tso zis thiab yog cov xim tseem ceeb hauv cov zis. Qhov no hu ua urobilinogen.
Thaum cov qe ntshav liab raug rhuav tshem thiab hemolysis tshwm sim, indirect hyperbilirubinemia tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj qha hyperbilirubinemia yuav tshwm sim. Thaum cov ducts thiab biliary system raug thaiv, ncaj qha hyperbilirubinemia yuav tshwm sim. Thaum muaj cov txiaj ntsig txawv txav, txoj kev kho mob yog koom tes nrog lwm cov kev ntsuam xyuas kom nkag siab txog tus mob, thiab tom qab ntawd kho qhov ua rau tus kab mob. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej, cov hau kev xws li kev kho mob siab tsis ua hauj lwm, hemodialysis, thiab extrahepatic biliary stasis kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev tuaj yeem siv.
Tsuas yog cov me nyuam yug tshiab, tus nqi rau cov tib neeg zoo tib yam yog roughly fixed, thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hnub nyoog. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj haus thiab kev tawm dag zog yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv, tab sis yuav muaj kev nce siab tom qab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev yoo mov.