Intermediates yog ib yam tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm "cov khoom lag luam ib nrab" uas yog cov khoom nruab nrab hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tsim cov khoom, koj tuaj yeem tsim nws los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab, txuag nqi thiab pib los ntawm kev ua tiav. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv synthesis ntawm tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, txheej, dyes thiab txuj lom. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, intermediates yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam saw ntawm kev lag luam kws tshuaj. Lawv tau siv los ua qee cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis. Hauv ib lo lus, lawv tau siv los tsim APIs.
Cov tshuaj tua kab nruab nrab kuj tseem yog cov xov xwm nruab nrab uas muab ob lossis ntau dua cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb. Niaj hnub no, peb feem ntau tham txog tshuaj tua kab intermediates.
Cov tshuaj tua kab yog hais txog ib yam khoom lossis ntau yam tshuaj uas yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob los yog lwm yam khoom siv ntuj tsim los tiv thaiv, tshem tawm lossis tswj cov kab mob, kab, nroj tsuag thiab lwm yam kab mob uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov, thiab tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. nroj tsuag thiab kab rau lub hom phiaj. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov kev npaj. Hais dav dav, cov tshuaj tua kab tau muab faib ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qoob loo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog qoob loo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qoob loo feem ntau muab faib ua tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, fungicides thiab cog kev loj hlob regulators raws li lawv siv. Lawv tsuas yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv qoob loo; Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog qoob loo yog siv los tiv thaiv qoob loo. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qoob loo feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua yoov tshaj cum noj qab haus huv, thiab lwm yam, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv thaj chaw tshuaj, kev noj qab haus huv, kev tswj hav zoov, kev tiv thaiv kab mob mildew, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj raws caij nyoog, kev txuag ntoo, tiv thaiv nyom thiab lwm yam. .
Kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab yog qhov kawg ntawm kev lag luam chemical thiab koom nrog kev lag luam tshuaj zoo. Lub sab sauv ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab yog cov roj av / tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv raw rau kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab; kev lag luam midstream feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom nruab nrab, cov khoom siv, thiab kev npaj; lub downstream yog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev siv tsis yog kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab yog nyob ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, nrog kev nqis peev loj R & D, lub voj voog ntev, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab thiab tsis tshua muaj kev vam meej. Raws li qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb kev loj hlob thiab txo qis ntawm thaj chaw cog qoob loo, kev siv tshuaj tua kab ntau ntxiv los ua kom cov khoom tsim tawm hauv ib cheeb tsam yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los daws cov teeb meem zaub mov.
Cov tshuaj tua kab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov kab mob, kab tsuag thiab nroj tsuag, stabilizing thiab nce qoob loo. Txawm hais tias kev muag tshuaj tua kab yuav qhia qee qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom lag luam ua liaj ua teb, thaj chaw cog, huab cua, cov khoom muag thiab lwm yam, kev thov tseem tseem nruj. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm National Bureau of Statistics, lub teb chaws tshuaj tua kab ntau lawm tau qhia ib tug downward trend txij li thaum 2017. Nyob rau hauv 2017, cov zis ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab yog 2.941 lab tons, uas poob rau 2.083 lab tons hauv 2018. Nyob rau hauv 2019, cov zis tawm. ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tshuaj tua kab tsis poob thiab nce, nrog rau cov zis ntawm 2.2539 lab tons, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 1.4%. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam tshuaj tua kab tau tuav ib qho kev nce siab tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 2018, ua tsaug rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm biopesticides thiab nce nyob rau hauv cov nqi ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev thov tshuaj tua kab nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntsuab qoob loo xws li paj rwb thiab infrastructure, kev lag luam muag cov nyiaj tau los yog kwv yees li 329 billion yuan; nws cia siab tias lub peev xwm ua lag luam loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev ua liaj ua teb hauv 2020 tseem xav tias yuav loj hlob Uptrend.
Cov tshuaj tua kab sib txawv yuav tsum muaj cov intermediates sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb raw cov ntaub ntawv kuj yog ib qho nruab nrab nruab nrab uas sib txuas ob los yog ntau yam khoom. Hauv cov tshuaj tua kab, lawv tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog synergists, tseem hu ua organic intermediates. Thaum xub thawj yog hais txog cov khoom nruab nrab uas tsim tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov khoom siv tshuaj xws li txuj lom, dyes, resins, tshuaj, plasticizers, thiab roj hmab accelerators siv thee tar lossis roj av ua cov khoom siv raw.
Lub synthesis ntawm intermediates feem ntau yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv kettle, thiab generated intermediates yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab purified, feem ntau yog los ntawm extraction technology. Chloroform extraction ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab intermediates yog ib qho chaw ua haujlwm hauv cov tuam txhab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ib txwm siv feem ntau siv lub tshuab distillation. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov nyuaj, qhov kev tshem tawm tau qis, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob yog siab. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib faib ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm, Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, feem ntau cov tuam txhab tau pib ua cov kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis thiab xaiv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo dua. Ntawm lawv, cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj tau pib los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov seem extraction hauv kev lag luam tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj yog xaiv tus neeg sawv cev tsim nyog, sib tov cov khoom siv raw thiab tus neeg sawv cev extraction, hloov cov theem ntawm cov organic hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw cov kua rau tus neeg sawv cev extraction, thiab rho tawm cov organic theem tom qab ob theem sib cais. Txoj kev no yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, muaj kev ua haujlwm siab extraction, thiab tus neeg sawv cev extraction yog pheej yig thiab yooj yim kom tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg sawv cev rho tawm tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, txuag cov nqi peev txheej.